Layer-By-Layer Assembly of PEDOT/Polyaniline Electrochromic Devices.

Author(s): DeLongchamp, Dean, Paula T. Hammond

Journal: Adv. Mater. (2001) 13(19): 1455-1459.

Abstract:
There has been considerable interest in the development of low-cost, portable, chromic devices suitable for consumer products, flexible or wearable displays, smart windows, electronic paper, and other applications. As the use of information technology continues to grow expansively, the need for smaller, portable displays for new applications has continued to increase. The desire for inexpensive but stable materials systems has led to investigation of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light emitting diode (OLED) devices. However, LCDs generally provide angle-dependent viewing, and often require a backlight, which adds to weight and energy costs. OLED technology is quickly meeting the needs of many applications for radio, dashboard and other displays; however, these systems often require more expensive, specifically designed organic or polymer systems to achieve performance and stability, and remain most appropriate for small area or high-end products. Electrochromic materials can provide reasonable contrast without angle dependence, backlights or extensive materials synthesis efforts. These materials are particularly well-suited to large area displays due to their low power consumption.